Weldability of Zirconium

Zirconium exhibits good weldability, but due to its high melting point, a larger welding current is required during welding. Additionally, because zirconium has poor thermal conductivity, excessive arc dwell time will cause coarse grains in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Therefore, zirconium welding should adopt an appropriate process of high-current rapid welding. At high temperatures, zirconium reacts with interstitial elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon to form brittle compounds, leading to intergranular cracking. To avoid hydrogen adsorption, all moisture must be removed from the zirconium surface, and the dew point temperature of the welding protective gas should be -50°C or lower. Oxygen and nitrogen mainly come from the atmosphere, so proper protection must be ensured during welding to prevent the weld from absorbing oxygen and nitrogen. Carbon usually originates from dirt or grease not completely removed during cleaning, and unclean welding areas also increase the tendency for welding porosity.

Welding Protection for Zirconium

During zirconium welding, GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) should use 99.999% high-purity argon for protection. The protective nozzle should be of large diameter, preferably a lens nozzle with a gas homogenization screen, as shown in Figure 1. When welding zirconium, in addition to protecting the welding pool, the back and tail of the weld must also be protected simultaneously. The TIG welding torch should be equipped with a trailing shield, which keeps the welding joint with a temperature above 400°C under inert gas protection to avoid contact with and contamination by air at high temperatures.

 

 

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