T4 High-Speed Steel (Tool Steel, Not HSLA Steel)

Generally, T4 steel refers to a tungsten-based cobalt-containing high-speed steel (HSS), categorized as a tool steel, not a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. Despite this, it exhibits exceptional strength and hardness, making it suitable for high-performance cutting and forming applications.

Chemical Composition (Typical, %)

Element	C	Si	Mn	P ≤	S ≤	Cr	Mo	W	V
Content	0.70–0.80	0.20–0.40	0.10–0.40	0.030	0.030	3.75–4.50	0.40–1.00	17.50–19.00	0.80–1.20

 

Key Alloying Elements:

W (Tungsten): Dominant element for red hardness and wear resistance.

Cr (Chromium): Enhances corrosion resistance and hardenability.

V (Vanadium): Forms hard carbides, improving abrasion resistance.

Cobalt (Co, trace in some variants): Further boosts high-temperature strength.

Mechanical Properties

Property	As-Annealed State	Heat-Treated State (Quenched & Tempered)
Hardness (HB)	≤269 HB	~63–66 HRC (rockwell)
Tensile Strength (MPa)	–	≥728 MPa
Yield Strength (MPa)	–	≥924 MPa
Impact Energy (J)	–	~12 J (Charpy V-notch, low toughness)
Elongation (%)	–	~43% (after solution aging)
Red Hardness	–	Retains ≥60 HRC at 600°C

 

 

 

 

 

Heat Treatment:

Quenching: Typically at 1270–1290°C, followed by oil or air cooling.

Tempering: 540–560°C for 2–3 cycles to achieve optimal hardness and reduce internal stress.

Characteristics

Superior Red Hardness: Maintains cutting edge integrity at high temperatures (up to 600°C), outperforming non-cobalt HSS like W18Cr4V.

High Wear Resistance: Carbides from W and V provide exceptional abrasion resistance.

Low Toughness: Brittle compared to HSLA steels due to high carbide content; sensitive to impact loads.

Applications

Cutting Tools:

High-speed drills, end mills, reamers for machining tough materials (e.g., alloy steel, cast iron).

Tools for automated CNC machines requiring long tool life.

Mold Making:

Injection molds, die-casting molds, and hot forging dies (benefits from heat resistance).

 

 

 

 

 

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