Principle of Hardness Reduction

 

Carbon is one of the key factors affecting the hardness of steel. In steel, carbon can form an interstitial solid solution with iron, producing a solid - solution strengthening effect. When the carbon content decreases, this solid - solution strengthening effect weakens. For example, in an iron - carbon alloy, carbon atoms are embedded in the lattice gaps of iron atoms, which will distort the lattice and increase the resistance to dislocation movement, thus increasing the hardness. As the carbon content decreases, the degree of lattice distortion is reduced, and dislocation movement becomes relatively easier, and the hardness of the steel decreases accordingly.

 

At the same time, carbon can also form carbides (such as cementite ) with iron and other elements. These carbides are the hard phases in steel. When the carbon content decreases, the amount of carbides decreases, and the proportion of the hard phase in the steel is reduced, which will also lead to a decrease in the hardness of the steel.

 

Impact on Machinability

 

Cutting Machining: The reduction in hardness makes it easier to cut the steel. For example, during machining processes such as turning, milling, or drilling, the cutting resistance on the cutting tool is reduced. For steel with a reduced carbon content, the wear rate of the cutting tool will be slower, and the quality of the machined surface is more easily ensured. Because the lower hardness means that the plastic deformation of the steel is relatively easier, during the cutting process, the formation of chips is smoother, and problems such as cutting - tool breakage due to the steel being too hard or an increase in the surface roughness of the machined part will not occur.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

High Strength Chemical Composition
Grade	C	Si	Mn	P	S
DNV steel	0.18	0.10-0.35	0.9-1.6	0.035	0.035

 

 

Forming Machining: In cold - forming (such as cold - bending, cold - rolling) or hot - forming (such as hot - bending, hot - rolling) processes, steel with reduced hardness has better formability. Taking cold - bending as an example, the steel with a reduced carbon content requires less bending force during the bending process and is less likely to crack. This is because the lower hardness enables the steel to undergo plastic deformation more smoothly when subjected to external forces, adapt to the shape of the mold, and thus is more easily processed into various complex shapes. For example, when manufacturing some automobile parts or building structural components with special shapes, low - hardness steel has more advantages.

 

 

 

 

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