Analysis of Marine Environmental Factors
Temperature Conditions
Tropical Seas: For ships sailing in tropical seas, the seawater temperature is high and the air humidity is large. The main problems faced by shipbuilding steel plates are seawater corrosion and microbial attachment. In this environment, steel plates with good corrosion resistance should be preferred, such as stainless steel plates or corrosion-resistant alloy steels containing alloy elements such as chromium and nickel. These alloy elements can enhance the stability of the passivation film on the steel plate surface and resist the erosion of seawater and humid air. At the same time, the antifouling performance of the steel plate should be considered. Because microorganisms reproduce quickly in tropical seas and are easily attached to the ship's bottom, affecting the ship's navigation performance.
Cold Seas: For ships working in cold seas, such as polar research vessels or merchant ships operating in high-latitude regions, low-temperature toughness is a key factor. Steel plates that can still maintain good toughness in low-temperature environments need to be selected. The Charpy impact toughness value at -20°C or even lower temperatures should meet the corresponding standards. For example, steel plates with added nickel elements can reduce the brittle transition temperature of steel and effectively prevent brittle fracture at low temperatures.
Degree of Seawater Corrosion
General Seas: In seas with normal salinity and low pollution levels, conventional shipbuilding steel plates can be selected and appropriate anti-corrosion coatings can be used to improve their corrosion resistance. For example, epoxy coatings or zinc-rich coatings can form a protective film on the steel plate surface, isolating the direct contact between seawater and the steel plate and slowing down the corrosion rate.
Highly Corrosive Seas: In some highly corrosive seas, such as near industrial pollution areas or closed bays with high salinity, steel plates with higher corrosion resistance are needed. For example, duplex stainless steel plates have good pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion resistance. Their microstructure contains two phases of austenite and ferrite, and they can resist corrosion in harsh corrosive environments with their own chemical stability and uniform microstructure.
Marine Biological Activity in Navigation Areas
Areas with Less Biological Attachment: If ships mainly sail in areas with less marine biological activity, such as deep-sea areas or some special ocean current areas, the requirements for the antifouling performance of steel plates are relatively low. However, the general corrosion problem of seawater still needs to be considered. Ordinary corrosion-resistant steel plates can be selected and combined with conventional anti-corrosion measures.
Areas with Abundant Biological Attachment: In shallow-sea areas or near ports where marine organisms are active, biological fouling is an important issue. In addition to considering corrosion resistance, steel plates with antifouling functions should also be selected. For example, steel plates with specially treated surfaces can release substances that inhibit the growth of marine organisms, or steel plates with antifouling coatings can be used. This kind of coating can reduce the attachment of marine organisms on the ship's bottom, reduce ship navigation resistance and improve fuel efficiency.
Considerations Related to Ship Use and Cargo Type
Nature of Transported Cargo
Bulk Cargo Transportation (such as coal, ore, etc.): For ships transporting bulk cargo, the hull structure mainly bears the weight of the cargo and the impact during loading and unloading. Steel plates with high strength and good toughness should be selected, such as high-strength low-alloy steels. This kind of steel plate has high yield strength and tensile strength and can bear the pressure of a large amount of bulk cargo. At the same time, good toughness can prevent the steel plate from being damaged by collision and impact during loading and unloading.
Liquid Cargo Transportation (such as petroleum, chemicals, etc.): For oil tankers or chemical ships transporting liquid cargo, in addition to considering the strength and toughness of the hull, the chemical corrosion resistance of the steel plate should also be emphasized. For example, for oil tankers transporting crude oil, since crude oil contains corrosive substances such as sulfides, steel plates resistant to sulfide corrosion are needed. Steel plates containing alloy elements such as molybdenum and chromium can be selected. These elements can form a stable protective film on the steel plate surface and resist the erosion of sulfides. For ships transporting chemicals, corresponding corrosion-resistant steel plates should be selected according to the specific properties of the transported chemicals (such as acidity, alkalinity, oxidation, etc.).
Ship Work Types (such as passenger ships, fishing vessels, etc.)
Passenger Ships: Passenger ships have higher requirements for safety and comfort. The selection of steel plates should focus on strength, toughness and good processing performance. Strength and toughness are to ensure the structural safety of ships during navigation, and processing performance is to create internal structures that meet ergonomic and aesthetic requirements. For example, in the passenger cabin area of passenger ships, steel plates that can be easily processed into various shapes are needed to create comfortable seats, beds and other facilities. At the same time, these steel plates must be able to withstand a certain amount of external force without deformation.
Fishing Vessels: Small fishing vessels operate in nearshore areas and mainly consider cost and corrosion resistance. Ordinary shipbuilding steel plates with relatively low prices can be selected and appropriate anti-corrosion measures can be taken to extend the service life of the steel plates. For large ocean-going fishing vessels, in addition to corrosion resistance, the strength and toughness of the steel plates should also be considered to cope with the harsh sea conditions and long-term use during ocean voyages.
Special Requirements in Special Working Environments

 

 

 

Military Ships: Military ships (such as warships, submarines, etc.) have more stringent performance requirements for steel plates. In addition to having high strength, high toughness and good corrosion resistance, they may also need to have special properties such as stealth performance and bullet resistance. For example, in the selection of steel plates for submarine hulls, materials with good compressive strength and sound absorption performance should be used to resist the huge pressure of the deep sea and reduce the noise characteristics of submarines to avoid being detected by enemy detection equipment. For the decks and hulls of warships, protective steel plates that can resist the impact of shell fragments and explosion shock waves may be needed. This kind of steel plate usually adopts a multi-layer composite structure or adds special protective materials to enhance the bullet resistance performance.
Offshore Engineering Ships (such as offshore drilling platform supply ships, etc.): These ships mainly work in offshore oil and gas exploitation areas. In addition to facing seawater corrosion, they may also come into contact with chemicals and oils in the exploitation process. Therefore, the steel plates must have good seawater corrosion resistance, oil resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. At the same time, since these ships need to operate close to drilling platforms in harsh sea conditions, such as frequent wave impacts and shakes, the strength and toughness requirements of steel plates are also very high. High-strength and high-toughness corrosion-resistant steel plates should be selected to ensure the safety and stability of ships.

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