Welding of hot-rolled bridge steel plate 16q requires careful selection of methods and process control to ensure weld joint strength, toughness, and resistance to cracking-critical for bridge structural safety. 16q is a low-alloy high-strength steel (LAHS) with good weldability, but its welding must address issues like hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), grain coarsening, and residual stress. Below are the common welding methods and key considerations for 16q bridge steel plates:

1. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) – Manual Arc Welding

Principle: Uses a flux-coated electrode that melts to form a weld pool, with the flux generating gas and slag to shield the weld from atmospheric contamination (oxygen, nitrogen).

 

Advantages:

 

Simple equipment, high flexibility, suitable for on-site welding of complex joints (e.g., bridge girders, joints between components).

Adaptable to various positions (flat, horizontal, vertical, overhead).

 

Application Scenarios:

 

Field welding of bridge components (e.g., splicing of steel beams, connection of stiffeners).

Repair welding or small-batch welding tasks.

 

Welding Materials:

 

Low-hydrogen type electrodes (to prevent HIC) are mandatory, such as E5015-G or E5016-G (GB/T 5117 standard). These electrodes have a flux coating with low hydrogen content (≤8mL/100g) and good toughness.

Electrode drying: Pre-dry at 350–400°C for 1–2 hours, then store in a holding oven at 100–150°C to avoid moisture absorption.

 

Key Parameters:

 

Preheating temperature: For plates ≥25mm thick or in low-temperature environments (≤0°C), preheat to 80–150°C to reduce cooling rate and prevent cold cracking.

Interpass temperature: Maintain ≥150°C (but ≤300°C to avoid overheating).

Current: 140–220A (adjust based on electrode diameter, typically 3.2–5.0mm).

2. Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

Principle: Welding is performed under a layer of granular flux, which melts to form a protective slag and gas, while a continuous bare wire acts as the filler metal.

 

Advantages:

 

High deposition rate (3–10x SMAW), suitable for long, straight 焊缝 (e.g., longitudinal seams of steel plates, flange-to-web joints).

Stable arc, low spatter, and high weld quality (uniform composition, low defects).

 

Application Scenarios:

 

Factory prefabrication of bridge components (e.g., welding of thick plates in steel girders, large-area 拼接).

Welding of medium-to-thick plates (≥10mm) with high efficiency requirements.

 

Welding Materials:

 

Wire: H08MnA or H10Mn2 (GB/T 14957 standard) for good strength matching.

Flux: Alkaline flux (e.g., SJ101G or SJ301) to ensure low hydrogen, high toughness, and resistance to porosity. Flux must be dried at 300–400°C for 2 hours before use.

 

Key Parameters:

 

Welding current: 500–800A; voltage: 30–40V; speed: 30–60cm/min (adjust based on plate thickness).

Preheating: For plates ≥30mm, preheat to 100–150°C.

Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT): Optional for thick plates (≥50mm) to eliminate residual stress, typically at 600–650°C for 1–2 hours.

3. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) – MIG/MAG Welding

Principle: Uses a continuous solid wire as both electrode and filler, with a shielding gas (CO₂ or CO₂-Ar mixture) to protect the weld pool.

 

Advantages:

 

High efficiency, good bead appearance, and suitable for semi-automatic or automatic welding.

Adaptable to thin-to-medium thickness plates (6–50mm) and various positions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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