BV/E460 Steel Plate

 

 

Reduction of Toughness

 

The segregation of phosphorus in the heat - affected zone (HAZ) will lead to a significant reduction in toughness. This is because after phosphorus atoms accumulate at the grain boundaries, the bonding strength of the grain boundaries becomes weaker. When the material is subjected to external impact or tension, the grain boundaries cannot effectively transmit and disperse stress.

 

For example, in a toughness test, the normal carbon - steel heat - affected zone may be able to withstand a certain degree of deformation without fracturing. However, when phosphorus segregation is severe, cracks will appear in the heat - affected zone under a smaller deformation and spread rapidly, resulting in a decrease in toughness. It's like an originally elastic rope network (representing the normal grain - boundary structure). When some key connection points (the grain boundaries after phosphorus segregation) are weakened, the entire network is more likely to break when stretched.

 

Reduction of Ductility

 

Ductility is the degree of plastic deformation that a material can withstand before fracture. The segregation of phosphorus deteriorates the ductility of the heat - affected zone. Because phosphorus atoms at the grain boundaries interfere with the normal arrangement and interaction of atoms, the movement of dislocations is hindered.

 

The movement of dislocations is one of the important mechanisms for materials to produce plastic deformation. In a tensile test, the material in the heat - affected zone after segregation cannot achieve uniform plastic deformation through the movement of dislocations like normal materials. For example, under normal circumstances, the material can be stretched and lengthened. However, the material in the heat - affected zone after phosphorus segregation may have local necking or cracks at the early stage of stretching and cannot achieve a large - degree stretching deformation, so the ductility is reduced.

 

Increase in Hardness but Embrittlement of the Material

 

To some extent, the segregation of phosphorus will increase the hardness of the heat - affected zone. This is because the accumulation of phosphorus at the grain boundaries produces an effect similar to solid - solution strengthening, distorts the crystal lattice, and hinders the movement of dislocations, thereby enhancing the material's resistance to deformation to a certain extent.

 

However, this increase in hardness is at the expense of toughness and ductility. The material becomes more brittle and is more likely to have a brittle fracture when subjected to external forces, rather than absorbing energy through plastic deformation like a material with good toughness. For example, in a hardness test, when the indenter is pressed into the heat - affected zone after phosphorus segregation, although a higher hardness value may be shown, in actual use, this material is easily damaged when subjected to complex stresses such as impact or bending.

 

Influence on Fatigue Performance

 

The heat - affected zone in a welded structure is often subjected to cyclic loading, and its fatigue performance is very important. The segregation of phosphorus will reduce the fatigue performance of the heat - affected zone. Under cyclic stress, due to the reduction in grain - boundary strength and the embrittlement of the material, cracks are more likely to initiate and propagate at the grain boundaries.

 

Normal heat - affected - zone materials may be able to withstand a certain number of cyclic stresses without obvious cracks during fatigue loading. However, the fatigue life of the material after phosphorus segregation will be greatly shortened. For example, in the heat - affected zone of a welded carbon - steel component subjected to alternating loads, phosphorus segregation may cause the component to have fatigue cracks at a much lower number of cycles than expected, thus affecting the service life of the entire welded structure.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grade	C max	Si	Mn max	P max	S max	Als	N max	Nb max	V max	Ti max	B max
E460	0.21	0.10-0.55	1.7	0.035	0.035	0.015-0.08	0.20	0.04-0.10	0.04-0.10	0.02	0.005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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