Slag Splashing Accident
Causes of the Accident
Excessive Reaction in the Molten Bath: During the blowing process, when oxygen reacts too vigorously with elements such as carbon in hot metal, a large amount of carbon monoxide gas will be produced. If this gas cannot be discharged out of the furnace in a timely manner, it will accumulate inside the furnace. When the pressure reaches a certain level, it will carry molten steel and slag and spurt out from the furnace mouth, forming slag splashing. For example, an overly high carbon content in hot metal or an excessive blowing - oxygen intensity may lead to such a situation.

Severe Foaming of Slag: The composition and properties of slag have a significant impact on the steel - making process. If the iron oxide content in the slag is too high, or too many substances that can cause the slag to foam are added, the slag will generate a large amount of foam. These foams will occupy the space inside the furnace, making it easy for molten steel and slag to be carried out of the furnace, triggering slag splashing.

Countermeasures
Reasonable Control of Blowing Parameters: According to the composition of hot metal and the requirements of the steel grade, precisely adjust the oxygen flow rate, pressure, and lance position. For example, in the early stage of blowing, appropriately lower the position of the oxygen lance to accelerate the oxidation of elements such as silicon and manganese in hot metal and reduce the intensity of the carbon - oxygen reaction; in the middle stage of blowing, reasonably control the lance position and oxygen flow rate to avoid the violent oxidation of carbon.

Optimization of Slag Composition: Adjust the furnace charge ratio and add appropriate slag - making materials to control the basicity and iron oxide content of the slag. For example, add an appropriate amount of lime to adjust the basicity of the slag and keep it within an appropriate range to prevent the slag from foaming.

Furnace Lining Damage Accident
Causes of the Accident
High - Temperature Erosion: The temperature inside the converter is very high, especially during the blowing process. The temperature of molten steel and slag can reach above 1600 °C. The long - term effect of high temperature will soften and melt the furnace lining material, thus leading to damage to the furnace lining.
Chemical Erosion: Some components in the slag, such as iron oxide and calcium oxide, will react chemically with the furnace lining material and damage the structure of the furnace lining. For example, acidic furnace lining materials are easily eroded by alkaline slag, and vice versa.
Mechanical Erosion: The flow and agitation of molten steel and slag inside the furnace, as well as the scouring during tapping, will cause mechanical damage to the furnace lining.
Countermeasures
Selection of Appropriate Furnace Lining Materials: According to the working conditions of the converter and the type of steel being made, select furnace lining materials that are resistant to high temperature and erosion. For example, for the basic steel - making method, alkaline furnace lining materials such as magnesia - carbon bricks are used, which have good resistance to the erosion of alkaline slag.
Control of Smelting Process Parameters: Reasonably control the blowing time, temperature, and slag composition to reduce the high - temperature and chemical erosion of the furnace lining. For example, avoid long - term high - temperature blowing and adjust the slag composition in a timely manner to reduce its erosiveness to the furnace lining.
Strengthening Furnace Lining Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain the furnace lining, and use methods such as gunning to repair local damage to the furnace lining. For example, use a refractory gunning machine to repair the weak parts of the furnace lining and extend the service life of the furnace lining.

 

 

 

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