Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis can quantify the impact of vibration stress - relief treatment on the hardness of LR/D steel in the following ways:

Surface Topography and Roughness Analysis

 

Topography Observation: AFM can be used to obtain nanoscale topography images of the surface of LR/D steel. Vibration stress - relief treatment may cause changes in the microscopic structure of the steel surface, such as dislocation movement and grain refinement. These changes will be reflected in the surface topography. If the surface becomes smoother and the grains are finer and more uniform after treatment, it indicates that the vibration stress - relief treatment has promoted the optimization of the microscopic structure and may increase the hardness.

 

Roughness Quantification: Surface roughness parameters, such as the root - mean - square roughness (Rq) and the average roughness (Ra), can be measured by AFM. Generally speaking, there is a certain correlation between surface roughness and hardness. A smoother surface has a relatively more uniform stress distribution when subjected to external forces, which is beneficial for increasing the material's hardness. If the surface roughness decreases after vibration stress - relief treatment, it indicates that the surface quality has been improved and the hardness may increase.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LR/B general strength property
Grade		Mechanical Property			Charpy V Impact Test
	Thickness	Yield	Tensile	Elongation	Degree	Energy 1	Energy 2
LR/D	mm	Min Mpa	Mpa	Min %	0	J	J
	t≤50	235	400-520	22%		20	27
	50＜t≤70	235	400-520	22%		24	34
	70＜t≤100	235	400-520	22%		27	41

 

Dislocation and Defect Analysis

 

Dislocation Observation: AFM can observe the dislocation structure on the material surface to some extent. During the vibration stress - relief treatment process, dislocations will move and multiply, and the dislocation density may change after treatment. If the dislocation density increases and the interaction between dislocations is enhanced, it will hinder the further movement of dislocations and increase the deformation resistance of the material, thus increasing the hardness. The influence of dislocation distribution and density changes on hardness can be quantified by analyzing AFM images.

 

Defect Detection: Detect defects on the material surface, such as holes and cracks. Vibration stress - relief treatment may

heal or reduce some tiny defects and improve the structural integrity of the material, thus having a positive impact on hardness. By comparing the defect situations before and after treatment, the contribution to hardness can be evaluated.

 

 

 

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