When processing high-strength steel plate SM490, the following situations may occur due to its low-alloy composition and high-strength characteristics. Understanding these issues and corresponding countermeasures is crucial for ensuring processing quality and efficiency:

1. Welding-Related Issues

Potential Problems

Cold Cracking (Hydrogen Induced Cracking)

Cause: High hardness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) due to low alloy content + hydrogen accumulation from welding consumables or moisture.

Risk Factors: Thick plate thickness, high restraint during welding, or inadequate preheating.

Weld Metal Brittleness

Cause: Improper welding parameters (e.g., high cooling rate) leading to coarse-grained microstructure in the weld or HAZ.

Weld Deformation

Cause: High rigidity of SM490 may cause residual stress and distortion during welding, especially in large components.

Solutions

Preheating and Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

Preheat to 80–150°C (depending on thickness and ambient temperature) to reduce cooling rate and hydrogen diffusion.

PWHT at 550–650°C for thick sections to relieve residual stress and improve HAZ toughness.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Processing Stage	Main Risks	Prevention Methods
Welding	Cold cracking, deformation	Preheating, low-hydrogen consumables, PWHT
Cold Forming	Cracking, work hardening	Optimized bending radius, preheating, step forming
Machining/Cutting	Tool wear, heat generation	Carbide tools, coolants, plasma/laser cutting
Storage/Protection	Corrosion	Anti-rust coatings, dry storage

 

 

 

 

 

 

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